Terms

Commons

Docutils

Docutils is an open-source text processing system for processing plaintext documentation into useful formats, such as HTML, LaTeX, man-pages, open-document or XML. It includes reStructuredText, the easy to read, easy to use, what-you-see-is-what-you-get plaintext markup language.

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LaTeX

LaTeX is a document preparation system for high-quality typesetting. It is most often used for medium-to-large technical or scientific documents but it can be used for almost any form of publishing. LaTeX uses the TeX typesetting program for formatting its output, and is itself written in the TeX macro language.

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PyEnchant

PyEnchant is a Python binding for Enchant.

Pygments

Pygments is a generic syntax highlighter written in Python which supports a wide range of over 500 languages with related lexers and other text formats and is ready for new languages and formats added easily.

reStructuredText

reStructuredText (RST, ReST, or reST) is a file format for textual data used primarily in the Python programming language community for technical documentation. It is part of the Docutils project of the Python Doc-SIG (Documentation Special Interest Group).

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Sphinx

Sphinx is a documentation generator written and used by the Python community. It is written in Python, and also used in other environments. Sphinx converts reStructuredText files into HTML websites and other formats including PDF, EPub, Texinfo and man.

reStructuredText is extensible, and Sphinx exploits its extensible nature through a number of extensions–for autogenerating documentation from source code, writing mathematical notation or highlighting source code, etc.

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Programming Languages

C

C is a general-purpose, imperative procedural computer programming language supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. It was designed to be compiled to provide low-level access to memory and language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, all with minimal runtime support. C has been standardized by the ANSI X3J11 since 1989 (ANSI C) and by the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG14 (ISO C).

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C++

C++ is a general-purpose programming language as an extension of the C programming language, or “C with Classes”. Modern C++ implementations now has object-oriented, generic, and functional features in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. C++ is standardized by the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG14 since 1998.

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ES
ECMAScript

ES is a general-purpose programming language, standardized by Ecma International since 1997 according to the document ECMA-262. It is a JavaScript standard meant to ensure the interoperability of Web pages across different Web browsers. ES is standardized by the ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22 since 1998.

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JS
JavaScript

JS is a programming language that conforms to the ECMAScript specification. JavaScript is high-level, often just-in-time compiled, and multi-paradigm. It has curly-bracket syntax, dynamic typing, prototype-based object-orientation, and first-class functions.

Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the core technologies of the World Wide Web. JavaScript enables interactive web pages and is an essential part of web applications. The vast majority of websites use it for client-side page behavior, and all major web browsers have a dedicated JavaScript engine to execute it.

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Python

Python is an interpreted, high-level and general-purpose programming language. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems. A global community of programmers develops and maintains CPython, a free and open-source reference implementation. A non-profit organization, the Python Software Foundation, manages and directs resources for Python and CPython development.

CPython is the reference implementation of Python. It is written in C, meeting the C89 standard with several select C99 features. Python’s development is conducted largely through the PEP process, the primary mechanism for proposing major new features, collecting community input on issues and documenting Python design decisions. Python coding style is covered in PEP 8.

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Technologies

BibTeX

BibTeX is a widely used bibliography management tool in LaTeX, with BibTeX the bibliography entries are kept in a separate file and then imported into the main document.

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CSS

CSS is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the WWW, alongside HTML and JavaScript. In addition to HTML, other markup languages support the use of CSS including plain XML and SVG. The CSS specifications is standardized by the W3C/TR/CSS since 1996.

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Enchant

Enchant is a free software project developed as part of the AbiWord word processor with the aim of unifying access to the various existing spell-checker software.

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HTML

HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as CSS and scripting languages such as JavaScript. The HTML specifications is standardized by the W3C/TR/HTML since 1997 and ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34 since 1998.

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PDF

PDF is a file format developed by Adobe in 1993 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Based on the PS language, each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, vector graphics, raster images and other information needed to display it. PDF is standardized by the ISO TC171/SC2/WG8 since 2008, and no longer requires any royalties for its implementation.

ISO standardized subsets of PDF:

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PGF
TikZ
PGF/TikZ

PGF/TikZ is a pair of languages for producing vector graphics (for example: technical illustrations and drawings) from a geometric/algebraic description, with standard features including the drawing of points, lines, arrows, paths, circles, ellipses and polygons. PGF, is a lower-level language, while TikZ, which is written in TeX, is a set of higher-level macros that use PGF.

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PNG

PNG is a raster-graphics file format that supports lossless data compression. PNG was developed as an improved, non-patented replacement for GIF with support for interactivity and animation. The PNG specification is standardized by the W3C/TR/PNG since 1996 and ISO/IEC JTC1/SC24/WG7 since 2003 as an open standard.

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SVG

SVG is an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics with support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is standardized by the W3C/TR/SVG since 1999 as an open standard.

SVG drawings can be dynamic and interactive. Time-based modifications to the elements can be described in SMIL, or can be programmed in a scripting language (e.g. ECMAScript or JavaScript). The W3C explicitly recommends SMIL as the standard for animation in SVG.

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TeX

TeX is a computer language designed for use in typesetting system; in particular, for typesetting math and other technical material. It has been noted as one of the most sophisticated digital typographical systems and is also used for many other typesetting tasks, especially in the form of LaTeX, ConTeXt, and other macro packages.

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XML

XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. The design of XML focuses on documents, the language is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures. Several schema systems exist to aid in the definition of XML-based languages. The XML specification is standardized by the W3C/TR/XML since 1998 as an open standard.

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